View Full Version : Pre-amplifier selection, overloading, and big words


b1gmoose
09-21-08, 10:43 AM
So I've been reviewing the official AVS Antenna Topic sticky and have come accross some big words and some other things I would like some clarification on.

Maybe we can create a sticky for the math behind selecting an antenna & pre-amp?

There are a few pre-amps out there with various levels of gain and noise levels.

Take the CM 7777 pre-amp. It is a decent consumer grade pre-amp at a good price. It works in quite a few areas, but not all.

But apparently, it has a problem with overloading and intermodulation distortion (one of the big words).

I have googled a little, and have sort of figured it out.

But other things like harmonics and how to calculate those would be nice. Like for identifying FM problems as well.

Or beamwidth of an antenna and associated gain and FB ratios. Or maybe maximum dbmv output of a pre-amp and what that means to the receiver.

I'll also include a copy of my FMfool.com report to see if I have any problems coming from there.

But could somebody write a guide for the average OTA person explaining some of the terms?

TVFool.com gives a reasonable picture of what signal levels are expected at the input location.

We can use my TVFool map as a guide for some of the math.

WVTB-DT on UHF 18, my signal is -78.4. However, it says I have 1-edge reception, really, I have LOS. I live right next to a river the drains from Burke Mt. So 15 miles up a river valley from 500’ where I am to 2000’ where the antenna is.

I have a 91XG at 25’ AGL with the CM7777 pre-amp and 95’ or RG11 into the house. Without the pre-amp, WVTB-DT is 95% signal when pointed right at the transmitter. With the pre-amp, no matter what direction the antenna is facing, I have no less than 85% signal.

Right now, I can receive analog station CIVSTV on UHF 24. It is very snowy, but it does come in at 65.7 miles with 2Edge and a RX dbm of -135.8.

WCAX-DT, WVNY-DT, WPTZ-DT, WETK-DT and WFFF-DT are all located on Mt. Mansfield at 4000’. I have a hill that is 1500’ tall about ½ mile away blocking my view.

I can receive WCAX-DT at 80% signal with some pixels every 15-30 minutes and WETK-DT at 75% with not drop-outs. All other channels are no higher than 50% and I am not able to get a lock on them.

What math is involved in determining when a pre-amp is overloaded, what channels are causing the overload, and how do I calculate the intermodulation distortion?

Once those numbers are calculated, how do I determine what size notch filter is needed to block out a specific channel? 30db, 50db, etc.

I know WVTB-DT is the likely culprit and I can receive that PBS station from Mt. Mansfield on WETK-DT, so a notch filter won’t prevent me from receiving PBS programming.

My plan right now is to:

Increase the height of my mast to 25’. I will use a rotator support bearing so the mast head can extend 6’ above the rotator. Total height to top will be about 30’ after it is sunk into the ground a foot or so and guy wired at 10’ and 25’.

Antennas will be 2x 91XG horizontally stacked. Spacing will be determined on a 10’ pole at ground level. It’ll be easier to make adjustments there instead of after it’s up on the tower.

3’ below the 91XG’s will be either 1, or 2 Winegard YA-1713 VHF highband Yagi’s.

I will use a CM7777 pre-amp and on the UHF input, I’ll probably use a TinLee bandstop notch filter tuned for UHF CH18.

All coax on the tower will be Commscope RG11 2285K series with digicon connectors. I have a 100’ run of ½” coax hard-line that I scrounged that will run to the house.

Once in the house, it will be 25’ of the same RG11 to the Zenith DTT900 converter box & the TV.

If this is confusing to you, please let me know. Sometimes I ramble on. But if you can help me out, and maybe we can make a sticky that will cover things other than just antenna selection, but the math behind selecting the correct equipment and determining system losses.

Thanks,

~ryan

Digital Rules
09-21-08, 11:52 AM
Not sure if this will help; but try TV FOOL using your exact coordinates instead of an address.

http://www.batchgeocode.com/lookup/

It makes quite a difference at my particular location.

Rick0725
09-21-08, 12:26 PM
and here is a calculator in excel format that can assist in selecting a good preamp match.

enter variables. use you strongest station.

channel
antenna gain
transmit power
system losses
mileage from towers

-6 or less is the ballpark you want to be in (not higher)

use an excel converter if you dont have excel.

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/downloads/HA010449811033.aspx

b1gmoose
09-21-08, 02:54 PM
Exactly what I was looking for. Thanks!

Now all I need is a calculator to determine line loss. I guess I can do that with a pen & paper.

Question about the spreadsheet

What is SIV, SOV, SIP, SOP, and SIH?

Thanks,

~ryan

and here is a calculator in excel format that can assist in selecting a good preamp match.

enter variables. use you strongest station.

channel
antenna gain
transmit power
system losses
mileage from towers

-6 or less is the ballpark you want to be in (not higher)

use an excel converter if you dont have excel.

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/downloads/HA010449811033.aspx

b1gmoose
09-21-08, 06:47 PM
I've sort of figured out the spreadsheet. But the other question I have is .... how do I determine:
"Add'l Loss in excess of Line-of-Sight, due to Terrain/Clutter Diffraction, Attic/Indoor Loss, etc." ?

Thanks,

~ryan

and here is a calculator in excel format that can assist in selecting a good preamp match.

enter variables. use you strongest station.

channel
antenna gain
transmit power
system losses
mileage from towers

-6 or less is the ballpark you want to be in (not higher)

use an excel converter if you dont have excel.

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/downloads/HA010449811033.aspx

Tower Guy
09-22-08, 01:15 PM
But apparently, it has a problem with overloading and intermodulation distortion (one of the big words).

Third order intermodulation distortion between analog 3, analog 20, and DTV 18 falls primarily on channels 22, 28, and 30. That's probably not your problem. It may be weak signals. The signal strength should get stronger when the leaves fall off the trees. Then, in February, all analogs turn off.

Rather than notching channel 18, stack the two XG91s apart horizontally the right distance to null channel 18 when the antenna is aimed at Mt. Mansfield. A convenient dimension would be 60.1 inches. (2.5 wavelenths on channel 18 with a 101 degree undesired signal.)

b1gmoose
09-22-08, 02:07 PM
Third order intermodulation distortion between analog 3, analog 20, and DTV 18 falls primarily on channels 22, 28, and 30. That's probably not your problem. It may be weak signals. The signal strength should get stronger when the leaves fall off the trees. Then, in February, all analogs turn off.

Rather than notching channel 18, stack the two XG91s apart horizontally the right distance to null channel 18 when the antenna is aimed at Mt. Mansfield. A convenient dimension would be 60.1 inches. (2.5 wavelenths on channel 18 with a 101 degree undesired signal.)

Hi Tower Guy, thanks for the response. I have a feeling the ATSC power on UHF 20 will increase once NTSC UHF 18 is off the air in Feb.

So what is third order intermodulation?

I can receive VHF ch 3 w/ my 91XG & YA-1713 antenna. It's snowy, but not too bad, and that's 45 miles away on Mt. Mansfield.

Thanks,

~ryan

Tower Guy
09-23-08, 12:24 PM
So what is third order intermodulation?

http://www.microwaves101.com/encyclopedia/spectrumanalyzer.cfm#toi

I can also get WCAX on channel 3. (Or WFSB in Hartford if I turn the antenna.) Right now I can't get anything digital from Mansfield.

I have a 4228 on a 125' tower with an HDP-269 preamp and 400' of 3/4" hardline.

b1gmoose
09-23-08, 12:45 PM
http://www.microwaves101.com/encyclopedia/spectrumanalyzer.cfm#toi

I can also get WCAX on channel 3. (Or WFSB in Hartford if I turn the antenna.) Right now I can't get anything digital from Mansfield.

I have a 4228 on a 125' tower with an HDP-269 preamp and 400' of 3/4" hardline.

Thanks Tower Guy. Time to do some more reading.

Hmmmm, 3/4" hardline would be nice :-) and a 125' would be nice too.

I'm limited to the 35' mast I put up. It's a Wife factor limitation.

Hopefully, I'll have everything sorted out before I take it down & put it back up with the antennas re-spaced. I may end up going with a different pre-amplifier.

If you look at my other thread, right now my problem is with the ATSC signal on UHF 18 and the soon-to-be gone NTSC on UHF 20.

With my YA-1713 VHF-Hi antenna, I can pick up both signals. ATSC is not strong enough to decode. But, the YA-1713 is blocked by my house as I have it on a 10' mast for testing. When it is plugged into the CM7777, with a terminator on the UHF input, I can still get both channels :-/.

Not sure what to do about that. Maybe I'll need a lowpass filter on the UHF port, up to 230 MHz.

I was quoted $95 + $20s/h from TinLee for a UHF 18 30-db notch filter. I can show you the PDF they sent me. It won't affect much more than just ch 18.

I've been looking at some hamradio stuff, as some of the concepts do apply to OTA w/ 75 ohm feedlines. Do you know of any FFT analyzers that use the soundcard for 75 ohm? Or how to adapt the 50 ohm to a 75 ohm for FFT analysis?

I'll be doing some more reading at that microwaves101.com site. Thanks for the link.

Also, on TVFool.com, it shows the same output power for ATSC signals after the transition as they currently have. Do you know if any/which stations will be boosting their power & by how much?

I'm able to receive Canadian stations on 7 & 24 with my setup, but both are analog. I have not been able to even get a signal reading on any of the digital Canadian stuff yet :-/

~ryan