The below quote is from Olivier Van Wynendaele, assistant general marketing Toshiba Europe on the launching of HD DVD in Europe in a phone interview with Phil Hinton from AudioVisualForum.

According to Mr. Vynendaele, people in Europe might be able to njoy HD DVD titles of studios backing Blu-ray exclusively in the US. My question is, what prevent US customers from purchasing and importing to the US, these titles as currently, there is no region coding.

Tosh: Oh, we have more than three studios supporting us, you are of course referring to the US main studios, but we also have studios in Japan and Europe an so on, so there are more than three. Well, yes we don’t have the support of some studios obviously, there’s MGM, Fox and Disney as well as others who at the moment are not yet supporting us, but are certainly watching the market before the make any decisions. What I really want to say is that it might be a different story in Europe compared to the US situation. In Europe movies are distributed differently by local distributors for instance, Studio Canal which is one of the main European studios and they will be providing HD DVDs from the launch, so you will get movies which come from themselves as well as different US studios, studios which are only backing Blu Ray in the US. So it might not be such a big problem in Europe where we could see movies released here, which are only available in Blu Ray in the US.

http://www.avforums.com/forums/showthread.php?t=367701

So the question now is will we be able to get them and will they play in a North America player?

So the question now is will we be able to get them and will they play in a North America player?

from the interview, i also got the notion that the European version of the HD DVD player will be different from the current ones (available in the States). I how ever would assume that the players will play titles from US and vice versa (base on the reasoning that, Toshi players were sent to Europe and even to Malaysia for demo :eek: (yes we have them demo set here :p ), atleast for the time being. I stand corrected. ;)

European players would have to be slightly different from the US ones, because currently the US/Japanese players can't handle 50hz HD content. I'm hoping Toshiba will someday offer a firmware upgrade which sorts that out.

European players would have to be slightly different from the US ones, because currently the US/Japanese players can't handle 50hz HD content. I'm hoping Toshiba will someday offer a firmware upgrade which sorts that out.

Are you sure? Because I play some HD DVD homemade with 25fps video (but I don't remember if it play in 60Hz or 50Hz on my LCD).

I will test an other time this night.


Golgot13

Are you sure? Because I play some HD DVD homemade with 25fps video (but I don't remember if it play in 60Hz or 50Hz on my LCD).
I authored 50hz content from several sources to homemade HD DVDs. Audio plays fine, but video plays alternatively in slow motion, then speeds up to catch up with audio, then falls back to slow motion again. At no time does video play properly, it's always either in slow-mo or speeded up.

What method are you using to create 25fps HD DVDs?

Are you sure? Because I play some HD DVD homemade with 25fps video (but I don't remember if it play in 60Hz or 50Hz on my LCD).

I will test an other time this night.


Golgot13
Do you have time to check your set up ? Thanks.

Bring on the MGM and FOX releases from Studio Canal - I hope this is so.

In fact, the European HD DVD releases will probably outsell their USA BluRry releases - that'll convince 'em to switch to HD DVD REAL fast :D

FYI, the studio canal content will be encoded at 24p, not 25p. And will be output at 60.

Sounds like there will be a lot of importing to the US going on. :)

Thanks Amir!

Ed

FYI, the studio canal content will be encoded at 24p, not 25p. And will be output at 60.

This is great news. So to clarify - this was the only issue that could have stopped US machines playing back European ones at this stage in time correct?
Very cool. :cool:

Just tell me where to order. :)

Lol so in fact we are not locked out of all BD titles.

Terminator two is going to look B-E-A-Utiful on HD-DVD. So long as the transfer is done right... :o

Sounds like there will be a lot of importing to the US going on

You Betcha

I just hope region coding doesn't come into effect anytime soon (or let there be a workaround).

I thought the plan for region coding was that Europe and the US would be the same; that most of Asia would be different, and that maybe China & Russia would be a third region. Anyone else remember (can't recall if it was an annoucement or rumor just now).

A similar situation exists, BTW, w/ SACD & DVD-A. I bought a couple of SACD's from the UK due to lack of availability here (only avail on DVD-A).

Titles haven't been annouced as yet, have they?

Titles haven't been annouced as yet, have they?

Some have - http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/musicandvideo/hddvd/movies.aspx#all

What codec are they going to use? Who does the mastering and replication?

Any info is appreciated.

Thanks

They'll all be VC1 as per amir in one of his posts.

T2 and Serpico for me please! :)

T2, now!

Hello from europ :) - well it seems that the studio canal movies will be in english version with french subtitles (cant remove those ones) - it's a question of rights and contracts - it's a good new for european fans of VOST - it's up to you to see if you can affort the subtitles.

Best regards

P231

Mandatory subs on screen? Oh boy, that's soooo 1997.

Do you have time to check your set up ? Thanks.

You are right, you need to patch the MPEG header (50Hz to 60Hz) to play
HD file in PAL framerate.

May be the European player will be alone to play NTSC and PAL framerate (like with DVD) :D .

I am sure that european HD DVD player will play 24p (at 60i with 3:2 pulldown)
because it is the original framerate of the movie , cinema movie.


Golgot13

Hello from europ :) - well it seems that the studio canal movies will be in english version with french subtitles (cant remove those ones) - it's a question of rights and contracts - it's a good new for european fans of VOST - it's up to you to see if you can affort the subtitles.

Best regards

P231
As far as I know, the Japanese HD DVD don't have mandatory subtitles.

well it seems that the studio canal movies will be in english version with french subtitles (cant remove those ones)
You're joking right? These titles are being released in many countries. If they in fact do have non-removable subtitles, they definitely won't be french, except maybe in France. Right??

Edit: Just noticed you're from France. I thought for a while you were saying that the french titles would be dubbed to english with french mandatory subtitles. :)

It seems that we have now found rdjam a second, more productive hobby than just baiting BD fans: actively undermining BD release strategies by exporting European movies back to the US. ;)

FYI, the studio canal content will be encoded at 24p, not 25p. And will be output at 60.
That's brilliant, thanks for the news!

Amir, do you know what the situation with region coding is? I live in the UK but have the American Toshiba HD-A1 and American movies.

Will the player play HD DVDs I buy here in the UK? Is region coding not recognised by the player, or do the discs not have region coding?

BTW, nobody worry about subtitles. Don't forget these are designed to also be sold in the UK so there's no need for subs.

Some have - http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/musicandvideo/hddvd/movies.aspx#all

I'd really like Brotherhood of the Wolf and City of Lost Children from that list.

I'd really like Brotherhood of the Wolf and City of Lost Children from that list.

How are your French listening comprehension skills? ;)

How are your French listening comprehension skills? ;)

Are they not supposed to have English subs....damn french!!!

I thought the plan for region coding was that Europe and the US would be the same; that most of Asia would be different, and that maybe China & Russia would be a third region. Anyone else remember (can't recall if it was an annoucement or rumor just now).

A similar situation exists, BTW, w/ SACD & DVD-A. I bought a couple of SACD's from the UK due to lack of availability here (only avail on DVD-A).

Titles haven't been annouced as yet, have they?
I understood it would be the same as Blu-ray region coding, in that the US and Japan would be in the same region, but Europe and the rest of Asia would be their own regions.
J

typing on my phone... there is no region coding in hd dvd and in these titles. only bd has region coding right now. there is talk of this changing maybe for hd dvd but for now there is no worry. discs play from any part of the world...

typing on my phone... there is no region coding in hd dvd and in these titles. only bd has region coding right now. there is talk of this changing maybe for hd dvd but for now there is no worry. discs play from any part of the world...

Thanks Amir....Any word if Toshiba would implement this via firmware for the A1??

Im excited about these titles. Any word on release dates? can we expect them at least by Q4?

Are they not supposed to have English subs....damn french!!!

better say: damn majors with their stupid contract ;)

and you know some french films are only avaible in USA or japan - that's the world :eek:

the good news is that we will be able to see the french HD DVD films on our US imported players :) .

Best regards

P231

How are your French listening comprehension skills? ;)

The Microsoft page lists those titles as being released in the UK. The UK editions will undoubtedly have English subtitles.

rock, the schedule is in sync with toshiba player release in europe. I don't understand the firmware question. none is needed for these titles.

Subtitles are a deal breaker for me, but it is nice to know that we'll be able to get our hands on some movies that were supposed to be BD only. Well, that is until the studios start coming around and releasing on HD DVD. :D

The Microsoft page lists those titles as being released in the UK. The UK editions will undoubtedly have English subtitles.
Good point. If I can get them from UK, I'll do so, probably from amazon.uk.
J

rock, the schedule is in sync with toshiba player release in europe. I don't understand the firmware question. none is needed for these titles.
If the European titles are 50hz, US/J Toshiba's won't play them properly. At least neither of my players plays 50hz content; audio is OK, but video is messed up.

doesn't look like its been stated here, but amir said in the insider's thread that the movies will be 24p, so they will play on US machines with no problem

Yep, what he said. The European versions will be in 60hz because every HDTV in Europe supports both 50 and 60hz.

Let's hope all studios are as smart as this.

rock, the schedule is in sync with toshiba player release in europe. I don't understand the firmware question. none is needed for these titles.

Thanks.....as far as the firmware, I was just wondering if Toshiba would institute region coding for the player via firmware.

So, for future titles that are region coded, it wouldnt play them unless they were region 1 (or whatever region the player is set for).

Or, is the player already set up for region coding, its just that the current titles arent region coded?

doesn't look like its been stated here, but amir said in the insider's thread that the movies will be 24p, so they will play on US machines with no problem

Awesome....lets just hope they are encoded properly and look as fantastic as current hd-dvd titles here in the US.

rock, the schedule is in sync with toshiba player release in europe. I don't understand the firmware question. none is needed for these titles.

Amir would know!

It looks like it's PARTY TIME!

http://www.bonniesbassets.com/murdy/012604/party%20hat.jpg

I suspect these titles will be imported to North America in quanties and sold here if there's adequate demand and there will be! Interesting way around BR only support from certain studios - lack of support for HD-DVD may be moot.

I have to say that from what I have seen of HD-DVD, Toshiba and supporting studios have set the bar very, very high. If word of mouth can win a war then Sony et al. have a lot to fear at this point.

I will never regret purchasing the Toshiba player - as far as I am concerned it is the best home theatre purchase I have ever made. I've paid thousands for a fraction of this kind of image improvement! My Sony G90 even says thanks and keep up the good work Toshiba!

Cheers,

Grant

So does anyone know where we can purchase these and when they'll become available??? Sorry for my ignorance, but I never really import things, but apparently i'm about to have to start doing so :)

Thanks.....as far as the firmware, I was just wondering if Toshiba would institute region coding for the player via firmware.
There is not even a specification yet for region coding let alone a firmware ready to implement it. It might come one day but for now, I would not worry about it. And of course, you can always choose to not upgrade your player...

Or, is the player already set up for region coding, its just that the current titles arent region coded?
No, there is no region coding functionality in the player because there is no such thing in HD DVD Version 1.0 spec for it.

So does anyone know where we can purchase these and when they'll become available??? Sorry for my ignorance, but I never really import things, but apparently i'm about to have to start doing so :)
From what I remember, they will be released in 5 EU countries so you should be able to buy them from your local retailer when they become available later this year.

I suspect these titles will be imported to North America in quanties and sold here if there's adequate demand and there will be! Interesting way around BR only support from certain studios - lack of support for HD-DVD may be moot.

I have to say that from what I have seen of HD-DVD, Toshiba and supporting studios have set the bar very, very high. If word of mouth can win a war then Sony et al. have a lot to fear at this point.

I will never regret purchasing the Toshiba player - as far as I am concerned it is the best home theatre purchase I have ever made. I've paid thousands for a fraction of this kind of image improvement! My Sony G90 even says thanks and keep up the good work Toshiba!

Cheers,

Grant

Your post remided me of the MAC and PC commercial. See, Toshiba and Sony can get along.

There is not even a specification yet for region coding let alone a firmware ready to implement it. It might come one day but for now, I would not worry about it. And of course, you can always choose to not upgrade your player...


No, there is no region coding functionality in the player because there is no such thing in HD DVD Version 1.0 spec for it.


Cool....thanks amir!

So does anyone know where we can purchase these and when they'll become available??? Sorry for my ignorance, but I never really import things, but apparently i'm about to have to start doing so :)
Odds are, that Amazon in UK (www.amazon.co.uk) will probably carry them. They are an easy place to deal with/order from, but prices are higher in the UK for DVDs, I'm not sure about HD DVDs. I beleive they will be out in Q4(?).
J

Odds are, that Amazon in UK (www.amazon.co.uk) will probably carry them. They are an easy place to deal with/order from, but prices are higher in the UK for DVDs, I'm not sure about HD DVDs. I beleive they will be out in Q4(?).
J

Having never done this before.... How does the currency conversion work? If I use my US credit card I assume I pay for the conversion? Sorry, never purchased from a non-US web site before.

But, on the other hand this is about the best news I have seen since I bought my player. Man is my wallet gonna be empty come Xmas.

-Kaediil

Odds are, that Amazon in UK (www.amazon.co.uk) will probably carry them. They are an easy place to deal with/order from, but prices are higher in the UK for DVDs, I'm not sure about HD DVDs. I beleive they will be out in Q4(?).
J


Thanks for the info!! I've been checking there and so far they haven't listed any HD-DVDs for the UK, but that's probably b/c it isn't out yet as you've mentioned.

thanks again!!

Having never done this before.... How does the currency conversion work? If I use my US credit card I assume I pay for the conversion? Sorry, never purchased from a non-US web site before.

But, on the other hand this is about the best news I have seen since I bought my player. Man is my wallet gonna be empty come Xmas.

-Kaediil
You just buy it with your credit card like the US amazon, and (I think) they do the conversion at the time they hit your card. Its pretty straight forward, but shipping may cost more.
J

Yep, ordering from Amazon.uk is easy as pie if you live in the U.S.

I actually order much more from there than the domestic Amazon even though I live in the U.S.

Amazon.com never seem to have sales on DVD, at least the titles I want.

Having never done this before.... How does the currency conversion work? If I use my US credit card I assume I pay for the conversion? Sorry, never purchased from a non-US web site before.

Yes, your credit card will do the conversion.

It's also worth noting that the prices Amazon UK will charge you will be even lower than what's listed on the web site. The prices on the site include VAT, which is deducted for international orders.

Alas, I don't think the 10% deal from amazon.com carries over to co.uk.

Alas, I don't think the 10% deal from amazon.com carries over to co.uk.

Im bet it does not, but they very well might do the same deal for amazon.co.uk when the discs are available.

Alas, I don't think the 10% deal from amazon.com carries over to co.uk.

You never know. The US amazon may carry them as "imports."

You never know. The US amazon may carry them as "imports."

That would be awesome....since there is no region coding, they might, but I really doubt it.

No region coding means a DVD from anywhere in the world will work on it. Does not matter if it is PAL or NTSC.

No region coding means a DVD from anywhere in the world will work on it. Does not matter if it is PAL or NTSC.

HD-DVD.The SD-DVDs are still coded, ie UK is 2/U.S 1.

This is the coolest news I have seen this month. I would be willing to give the conversion calculator on my credit card a try.

This is the coolest news I have seen this month. I would be willing to give the conversion calculator on my credit card a try.

Now we just need release dates! Pleeeassse! Someone! Anyone! :eek: :D

Now we just need release dates! Pleeeassse! Someone! Anyone! :eek: :D

We probably wont know until Sept when the players are announced in Berlin.

It seems that we have now found rdjam a second, more productive hobby than just baiting BD fans: actively undermining BD release strategies by exporting European movies back to the US. ;)
:D - Baiting? ;)

Les dix premiers titres de la collection seront :

Elephant Man
King Kong (1976)
Rambo
Rambo 2
Rambo 3
Basic Instinct
Totall Recall
Stargate Director's cut
The Fog (réalisé par John Carpenter)
La Haine
november 20 2006 i read in a french site .i wish this is true.

I think the first HD DVD will be available at the beginning of October (1 month before
PS3 like HD DVD player and BluRay in USA).


Golgot13

Les dix premiers titres de la collection seront :

Elephant Man
King Kong (1976)
Rambo
Rambo 2
Rambo 3
Basic Instinct
Totall Recall
Stargate Director's cut
The Fog (réalisé par John Carpenter)
La Haine
november 20 2006 i read in a french site .i wish this is true.

We're probably getting Elephant Man here anyway, but Total Recall and Stargate were both recently announced for BD, so I'll be buying those overseas. King Kong '76 would be fun in HD too.

I'd pick up Basic Instinct and Total Recall.

We're probably getting Elephant Man here anyway, but Total Recall and Stargate were both recently announced for BD, so I'll be buying those overseas. King Kong '76 would be fun in HD too.

!?!?!?!?!!!!!!!! WOW that would be sweet.
I thought I would have to wait years for Paramount to kick out a copy of King Kong.
In fact, Studio Canal released a 2 disc SE of Kong a couple years back, and I'm guessing thats what would be ported over- unless they use mpeg2.
if this is true, I'll definitely be ordering it (though I'm gonna be concerned quality on these imports is not going to be up to US, and the TLC exhibited to the VC1 encodes) The Fog would be another title I wouldn't mind having (the first dvd MGM released doesn't hold up well at all, with tons of stobing, aliasing, artifacting in backgrounds, etc)

hope this is accurate.

Stargate will be a must import title for me!

!?!?!?!?!!!!!!!! WOW that would be sweet.
I thought I would have to wait years for Paramount to kick out a copy of King Kong.
if this is true, I'll definitely be ordering it (though I'm gonna be concerned quality on these imports is not going to be up to US, and the TLC exhibited to the VC1 encodes) The Fog would be another title I wouldn't mind having (the first dvd MGM released doesn't hold up well at all, with tons of stobing, aliasing, artifacting in backgrounds, etc)

hope this is accurate.
I'm pretty sure Studio Canal has announced that they will be doing their HD-DVD releases in VC1, so hopefully the European releases will be on par with the best of the US releases.

!?!?!?!?!!!!!!!! WOW that would be sweet.
I thought I would have to wait years for Paramount to kick out a copy of King Kong.
In fact, Studio Canal released a 2 disc SE of Kong a couple years back, and I'm guessing thats what would be ported over- unless they use mpeg2.
if this is true, I'll definitely be ordering it (though I'm gonna be concerned quality on these imports is not going to be up to US, and the TLC exhibited to the VC1 encodes) The Fog would be another title I wouldn't mind having (the first dvd MGM released doesn't hold up well at all, with tons of stobing, aliasing, artifacting in backgrounds, etc)

hope this is accurate.

Man I'd love to see the features for the oft maligned Kong '76. I couldn't recall if it was Paramount or not. Hopefully we'll get it here so I don't have to order it.

Having never done this before.... How does the currency conversion work? If I use my US credit card I assume I pay for the conversion? Sorry, never purchased from a non-US web site before.
Chase charges 3% for the conversion. Providian charges 1%. I didn't see any fee on my MBNA card but now that Bank Of America is taking that over maybe there would be if I used it again. I don't think the Paypal debit card has a fee either, but it will delay shipment by a few days for the funds to clear.

Stargate will be a must import title for me!


Ditto! Stargate is a favorite in my family. Look forward to getting this one in particular.

I'm all over Stargate! Will pick up King Kong '76, too.

STARGATE will likely lack English subtitles for the alien speak scenes and that will kill it for me. :( Hope I am wrong. Are these releases just for France? Or do they also cover English and Dutch territories?

Basic Instinct (only the X rated version), Total Recall Elephant Man, King Kong (1976)
Rambo 1-3, The Fog and La Haine (if English subs are included) will all be on my to buy lists. Those are killer releases.

STARGATE will likely lack English subtitles for the alien speak scenes and that will kill it for me. :( Hope I am wrong. Are these releases just for France? Or do they also cover English and Dutch territories?

Basic Instinct (only the X rated version), Total Recall Elephant Man, King Kong (1976)
Rambo 1-3, The Fog and La Haine (if English subs are included) will all be on my to buy lists. Those are killer releases.
Well the current players have the ability to add subtitles that aren't on the disk. I'm not exactly sure how that works, if you have to be connected to the internet or if the subs have to be from an official source, but at least there is the potential that the lack of subs will never be an issue for import HD-DVDs.

Any new information on some of these titles?

I don't care what the price is to import them here to the USA.

T2 and Rambo 1-3 are must haves for me, as are some others.

STARGATE will likely lack English subtitles for the alien speak scenes and that will kill it for me. :( Hope I am wrong. Are these releases just for France? Or do they also cover English and Dutch territories?

Is Stargate not gonna be a UK title or something??

Any new information on some of these titles?

I don't care what the price is to import them here to the USA.

T2 and Rambo 1-3 are must haves for me, as are some others.

They'll all have DTS-HD Master Audio and subtitles in English, French, German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish and Dutch.

Apparently, no extras whatsoever.

I wonder if the UK versions will have extras.

Extras and UK dates here :

http://www.play.com/DVD/HD%20DVD/NAVMAIN/5-/RegionHome.html

Extras and UK dates here :

http://www.play.com/DVD/HD%20DVD/NAVMAIN/5-/RegionHome.html

There are no extras listed there and none of those titles have been confirmed.

There are no extras listed there and none of those titles have been confirmed.

Did you click on any of the titles ? im pretty sure extras are listed
And as for comfimed the fist listing is the 29th so give it 2 weeks and we will see

Gangs of new york
* Audio commentary from director Martin Scorsese
* 'Set Design' featurette
* 'Exploring The Sets': a multi-angle feature
* 'Costume Design' featurette 'History Of New York's Five Points' featurette
* 'Five Points' study guide
* 'Uncovering The Real Gangs Of New York' Discovery Channel programme
* U2 'The Hands That Built America' music video
* Theatrical trailer
* Interactive menu
* Scene access

Domino
* Commentary #1: from director Tony Scott and writer Richard Kelly
* Commentary #2: alternate audio track with script notes and story development meetings with Tony Scott, Zach Schiff-Abrams and Tom Waits
* 'I am a Bounty Hunter': Domino Harvey's Life with optional commentary by Richard Kelly
* Domino Harvey - Bounty Hunting on Acid: Evolution of a Visual Style
* Deleted Scenes
* Theatrical trailer
* Teaser trailer

Saw II
* Audio commentary
* 'Jigsaw's Game' featurette
* 'The Head Trap' featurette
* 'The Needle Pit' featurette
* 'The Hand Trap' featurette
* 'The Furnace' featurette
* 'Bits And Pieces' featurette
* Storyboard comparisons

Full list and dates
http://www.play.com/DVD/HD%20DVD/NAVCS/5-/ComingSoon.html

I did click.

Obviously the ones I clicked on didn't have extras listed :)

I did click.

Obviously the ones I clicked on didn't have extras listed :)
Not all of them have yet they are pending updates

I googled Studio Canal and HD-DVD to try and find available HD-DVD movies from Studio Canal and this is all i could find.

What movies are available on HD-DVD from Studio Canal?
What movies have been announced for HD-DVD from Studio Canal?

Oh, and please dont post the movie titles in french...

What movies that are exclusive to Bluray in North America will be exclusive to HD-DVD in Europe??

Run a simple search of this forum. There are plenty of threads on the topic.

I googled Studio Canal and HD-DVD to try and find available HD-DVD movies from Studio Canal and this is all i could find.

What movies are available on HD-DVD from Studio Canal?
What movies have been announced for HD-DVD from Studio Canal?

Oh, and please dont post the movie titles in french...

What movies that are exclusive to Bluray in North America will be exclusive to HD-DVD in Europe??

Take a look here.:

http://hdworld.iforumer.com/viewtopic.php?t=223&mforum=hdworld

;) ;)

I really hope that Fox and everyone else would have some way of getting sales data that would somehow allow them to see that a lot of these will be imported to the US. It shows a demand for their content in the US for HD DVD material and that there is money to be made in this camp.

Studios supporting Blu Ray..we want to give you our money. Wake up and take it while providing us content on our preferred format!!!

I really hope that Fox and everyone else would have some way of getting sales data that would somehow allow them to see that a lot of these will be imported to the US. It shows a demand for their content in the US for HD DVD material and that there is money to be made in this camp.

Studios supporting Blu Ray..we want to give you our money. Wake up and take it while providing us content on our preferred format!!!

They're making money on anything you import on HD-DVD. The distributor splits profits with the studio that made/owns the film. Alternatively, if you buy the DVD, they make money. In other words, they make money regardless of what you do...unless you buy nothing at all.

Go to IMDB under Distribution.. :D

and you can check any Studio you wish.

Lying thread titles FTW!

Fox/MGM and Disney are distributing their own titles in Europe on Blu-ray exclusively.

The vast majority of the Studio Canal imports of interest to HD-DVD owners come for them having the Euro rights to the Carloco Pictures library (Rambo, T2, Total Recall, Basic Instinct, and Stargate) which is distributed by Lionsgate in the US.