Originally Posted by
http://www.cinemasource.com/
The Father Of 16:9
The most prevalent aspect ratios filmmakers deal with today are: 1.33 (The Academy standard aspect ratio),
1.67 (The European widescreen aspect ratio), 1.85 (The American widescreen aspect ratio), 2.20
(Panavision), and 2.35 (CinemaScope). Attentive videophiles may note that 1.77 (16:9) isn't on this list and
may ask: "If 16:9 isn't a film format, then just exactly where did this ratio come from". The answer to this
question is: "Kerns Powers".
The story begins in the early 1980s when the issue of high definition video as a replacement for film in movie
theaters first began to arise. During this time, the Society Of Motion Picture And Television Engineers
(SMPTE) formed a committee, the Working Group On High-Definition Electronic Production, to look into
standards for this emerging technology. Kerns H. Powers was then research manager for the Television
Communications Division at the David Sarnoff Research Center. As a prominent member of the television
industry, he was asked to join the working group, and immediately became embroiled in the issue of aspect
ratios and HDTV. The problem was simple to define. The film community for decades has been used to the
flexibility of many aspect ratios, but the television community had just one. Obviously a compromise was
needed.

As the story goes, using a pencil and a piece of paper, Powers drew the rectangles of all the popular film
aspect ratios (each normalized for equal area) and dropped them on top of each other. When he finished, he
discovered an amazing thing. Not only did all the rectangles fall within a 1.77 shape, the edges of all the
rectangles also fell outside an inner rectangle which also had a 1.77 shape. Powers realized that he had the
makings of a "Shoot and Protect" scheme that with the proper masks would permit motion pictures to be
released in any aspect ratio. In 1984, this concept was unanimously accepted by the SMPTE working group
and soon became the standard for HDTV production worldwide.
Ironically, it should be noted, the High-Definition Electronic Production Committee wasn't looking for a display
aspect ratio for HDTV monitors, but that's what the 16:9 ratio is used for today. "It was about the electronic
production of movies," Kerns Powers states, "that's where the emphasis was". Interestingly, today, there is
little talk today about the extinction of film as a motion picture technology, but there is a lot of talk about
delivering HDTV into the home. And, as a testament to Kern H. Powers clever solution, it's all going to be on
monitors with a 16:9 aspect ratio.