LCD and Plasma technology: it's imperfections detailed. Test pattern included.

Basic Design

LCD uses a backlight.

Plasma is ionized gas: gas charged by electricity resulting in ionized gas.

Plasma Technology.

Between two plates of glass is a cell. The cell holds gas and phospor.

The dielectric is below the glass and holds the sustaining and scanning electrodes.
These electrodes discharge electricity into the protective m g 0 layer - the m g 0 layer sends electrons to the gas inside the cell ionizing the gas.

The charge from the m g 0 excites the gas in the cell, this sends ultraviolet light beams on the phospors; red, green, blue, that coats the inside bottom layer of the cell. When the phospor is lit up by the ultraviolet light, the phospors electron jumps up to a higher energy level and the atom heats up, then the energy level goes back down and this is when the phospor beams visible light back. The visible light is directly proportional to the number of photons randomly colliding with the coated surface.

When the phosphors energy level goes back down it beams visible light back towards the m g 0 and out from the glass towards the viewer.
The phosphors glowing time is called afterglow.
If the afterglow is still emitting when the next electrical burst is sent, the phospor didn't go to the energy level where it doesn't show light.

It acts similar to a seesaw (also known as a teeter-totter).
The ultraviolet light beams on the phospors, the phospors energy level goes up, then down, beaming visible light back towards the m g 0, instantly after the visible light dims the next ultraviolet light burst is sent raising phospors energy level again, and back and forth it goes: ultraviolet light, then visible light.

Phosphor persistence, also referred to as afterglow, may still show visible light when the other frames ultraviolet photons are sent to the phospor, this is what makes it show afterimage. The afterglow can last up to a minute, meaning the energy level of the phospor is still high enough it shows visible light.
In 3D TV's terminology afterimage is called Crosstalk: the image showing a persisting image of the previous frame.

LCD Technology.

The backlight goes to the diffuser that distributes the light across the screen evenly.
The diffuser light then goes to the polarizers which hold two electrodes, The polarizers align the light sent through the electrodes.
Inbetween the electrodes is twisted liquid crystal.

The liquid crystal is given a electrical charge making them untwist, and when they untwist they block light from the diffuser.
The LCD Drive twists one by one.
While twisted they send light from the diffuser to the colored filter on top of the electrode and below the polarized panel resulting in a red, green, blue color.

The problem is the way color is shown: The LCD drive circuit uses Dithering.

Frame Rate Control (FRC) Dithering uses 4 frames to show more color than the RGB sub pixel can show.

2 frames are shown with different colors and they blend to make a new color in the third frame and this color is held into the fourth frame, making the 120Hz framerate show at 30fps after FRC dithering.

You may think that since 240Hz LCD TV's use 120Hz circuits in 240Hz LCD TV's this is the cause of the ghosting.
But, if they used true 240Hz circuits instead of 120Hz the liquid crystal would have to twist twice as fast as for the 120Hz circuit, one at a time instead of in parallel. Using true 240Hz LCD drive circuit is not the solution. The solution is something called Parallel LCD drive circuit architecture.

Parallel LCD drive circuit architecture refreshes pixels in parallel instead of one by one, shortening the whole refresh cycle.
"Such architecture requires more circuitry and digital frame buffer with parallel IO...No need for dithering when parallel." - Mathew Orman

One of the three problems of crosstalk in LCD monitors is due to the LCD Circuit twisting one at a time, by twisting many in parallel the problem is solved according to Mr.Orman.

Right now the LCD Drive is 120Hz and twists the liquid crystal one at a time.
The parallel LCD Drive keeps the same 120Hz as before but twists many in parallel instead of just one at a time.
This way by staying at 120Hz the pixel charge is not making the liquid crystal twist twice as fast, which is what would happen if the LCD drive went from 120Hz to 240Hz.

The second problem is capacitance, which is defined as the ability to store charge.

The Liquid Crystal when it shows Color, is twisted. Then it untwists and Black Frame Insertion is shown. If the Twist showed very bright color then the Liquid Crystal holds charge past the BFI.

The Third Problem is the Liquid Crystal is too heavy, and when twisted to show color has enertia that has to be overcome when the Black Frame Insertion is shown next.
If the weight of the Liquid Crystal is lowered it will twist faster when showing color, and showing the black screen.

So the Liquid Crystal itself needs the properties of low weight and low capacitance.

3D Test Patterns.

Pattern one is looked at with one eye closed, and the open eye looks where the pointer says to look for that eye.
What's being pointed at is black and white bars. Look at the color of the black or white bar and compare it to the IRE scale of white to black squares next to it.
The black IRE square the black or white bar looks like is the amount of crosstalk your TV has.

Pattern 2 is only supposed to have white in one bar at a time, anymore than One white bar and your seeing crosstalk.
You'll need to either guess if the bar is too wide or use a dslr camera white the shutter speed at 1/1000 and take a photo of the screen white it's playing the 3D test pattern.

Both patterns are in side by side, 16:9 ratio, left eye first.

Pattern 3 is in 8x8 and 16x16 pixel squares.
It is in side by side 3D, left eye first, 16:9 aspect ratio 30 seconds long.
It has these three frame rates per eye: 50, 59.940, 60.

These are easy to use. Watch the 16x16 videos first, and look for the bars to become lit up wrong.
The bars aren't supposed to stay lit up when the white square isn't in it.
The white square is exactly 16x16 pixels, it's a square, so if you see a long white bar inside the pattern it's showing a error in the TV.
Or maybe you'll get color in the boxes, or maybe the boxes will get partially filled after the white box left it, these are all errors that it's not working properly.

I made these tests for the TV manufacturers to use so they could implement motion compensation, or the soap opera effect 120Hz TV' have.
But I don't mind at all if regular people use it to test 3D TV's in the store.
You don't need a camera to see the errors, you don't need to wear the glasses that 3D TV's use. Just put the pattern into the TV from a USB stick and watch the entire 30 seconds and look for any errors I told you about.
If the pattern is a square as it moves there is no crosstalk, if it's too fast to see then use the dslr camera method pattern 2 uses.

Link to test patterns

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This next test pattern is 1080p, 16:9, side by side left side first, 1 minute long.

To use these to test for ghosting/crosstalk. Wear the glasses and watch the videos in 3D on your TV.
Then, close one eye and see if the video is showing two images of the same pattern.
A double image would look like a rectangle rather than a square.

NTSC

High Contrast version.
High Brightness version.

PAL

High Contrast version.
High Brightness version.
____________________


Link to quote.

Link to test files
16:9 aspect ratio, Side by Side Left side first, 1080p resolution - squished

Also these test files are good to test for ghosting.

While playing the test files close one eye and see if the text is doubled.
Ghosting is visible if "Right Image" and "Left Image" text is being shown at the same time with one eye closed.
You wear your 3d active polarized or passive polarized glasses for this test.

Would spatial dithering fix the problem?

For those who don't know what "Frame Rate Control (FRC) / Temporal Dithering" is it lets more colors be seen by having one frame show one color, then the next frame shows a different color and the third frame is the percieved new color previously unavailable. this new color is held into the fourth frame.

Spatial dithering is the one frame has secondary color pixels in a area being different color and when blended with the main color pixel and the third color is seen.

So with the explaination for 120Hz given by icester, even though the frame rate is 120Hz after frame blanking (with 3D TV's having frame blanking), four frames are used to display one color. So then we divide 120 frames by 4 = 30fps and this is how many frames are in the color made using (FRC) color dithering.

I've edited the first post. Give it a look and see if it's right, please.
The way I've described Plasma is reflective and this helps understand the afterglow. Maybe I could've worded it differently but it seems to work fine.

This parallel architechture would improve dithering performance, not eliminate it I gather as better drive circuitry doesn't change the Panel Color Depth (6 bits per RGB sub pixel I guess).
So if it improves dithering, would this still be FRC or spatial dithering?
It would have to be spatial dithering since the glasses are 60Hz and if FRC dithering were used the glasses would be showing the frame twice as fast as the TV showed a frame.

For every time you increase the LCD drive circuit architecture Hz, say from 120Hz to 240Hz, you half the pixel charging time.
Meaning the pixel must twist and untwist twice as fast as before.

Parallel LCD drive circuit architecture takes 120Hz LCD drive circuit architecture and makes it 240Hz. But this still needs the Liquid Crystal to twist and untwist twice as fast.

Ive edited the first post Mr.Orman. Please look to see if it's correct.

The Plasma section has been edited. Thank you for your help Mr.Orman.

Yes, I've edited it so that's clear.

I've made new test files. Please try these. The link is in the first post. This is the second update since yesterday.

I looked at the problem your having and read the manual and tried different encodes and patterns. And then after all that I remembered what I read in the Samsung manual. USB media is played using something called Media Play. 3D is disabled when you use Mediaplay and when you plug media into the TV using USB your using Media Play, so the TV doesn't accept 3D from USB sticks.

Also the resolution the TV goes into 3D mode automatically is 1280x1470, or frame packed. And then further down in the manual it says the decoder in the TV only accepts up to 1080p, so 1440 is too much pixels and that's why the Samsung TV won't play 3D from the USB stick because it needs frame packed 720p and it can only decode up to 1080p, it can't decode that many pixels.
In the process I have remade the frame packing 3D patterns and the stacked vertical patterns. They are linked to in the first post.

You need to play the patterns probably from a PC since it will play the resolution these files are at, or maybe play them through a in-store 3D blu ray player that accepts USB. Powerdvd 10 plays them fine.

Samsung Manual quoted in three jpeg pictures.

I made the test patterns 720p resolution to be sure it's not too large when you test them later on. Thank you for helping me make the patterns run by replying so far.

I made new test patterns from the pattern shown by icester. The pattern I got is the same but from mtbs3d.com. The pattern I have as the source had no hblank, and was not 1080p. So I made the image 1080p and added a hblank of 280 pixels, so it's in frame packing 1080p and side by side format.

When I made the previous test pattern using that source I thought it had a hblank as I just glanced at the image, but I was wrong and it was a honest mistake. These test patterns work when played from powerdvd 10.

I don't think it will play in a 3D TV from USB, but it might. The resolution might be too big.

I don't know the resolution to make the pattern so it'll play from USB.

I've updated the test files using the pattern Mr.Orman linked to. I tested them and they work fine. But I would like to here what you saw when you tried them.

I learned how to make the test files, it required three hblank black strips: one on either side of the two pictures and one in the middle separating the pictures.

The actual pixel size of the hblank determines the parallax. So if the pictures are the same except from a part that changes color, as was this test pattern, the hblank makes them too far apart, so to fix this you would crop the picture so when the hblank adds parallax in 3D mode the picture is in zero parallax.

The test pattern didn't have any hblank and wasn't in 1080p or 720p 16:9 ratio so I had a lot of work to do along with testing.

Now that I know how, I can make a new one of my own design. Maybe another one that moves across the screen one pixel at a time at 68 pixels parallax, side by side like these test patterns.
But this test pattern learning experience took a long time. I think I'll just leave it alone after this and only show the one pattern that's there right now.

Here's the avs code I used in case anyones interested in that kind of stuff:

Note that the source this was used on was made into a 30 second 30fps 1080p clip already. The addborders makes it 3d compatible and the crop makes it zero parallax.

With no cropping the addborders for the right side only has one 70: (0, 0, 70, 0), this along with the left addborders makes the video 3D compatible.
The larger the number the larger the parallax, but it needs to be at least 45 pixels I think. I had problems using only 40 pixels so I used a larger number.

I'll attach the pictures I used to make the test video linked to in the first post. When I got the one picture from mtbs3d I used ms paint and made these two pictures.

 

pattern 2.zip 197.31640625k . file