I have set up my phone and DSL connections in a central location, it was really quite simple.
I ran the incoming line from the NID to a simple Radio Shack splitter - actually a 5 port phone jack. The DSL modem is plugged into one port. A DSL filter is plugged into another port, and then to the phone distribution panel. Since the input line to the panel is filtered, all outgoing lines distributed around the house are filtered too. Quite simple, and saves the hassle of phone filters everywhere.
I used a standard DSL line filter - not a special model or anything. Performance on the voice lines and DSL data line is perfect.
Phone distribution panel is an Etcon DD3 Cat 5e SOHO/Residential phone distribution block. It uses 110 punch down tool, same as data network patch panels. It's about $30, and simple as anything to connect.
The Radio Shack splitters and jacks are somewhat amateurish in my otherwise professional setup, but they serve the purpose, and are inexpensive. I have all the wires and jacks zip tied to a mounting bar on my network rack, so at least they are neatly organized.
My original connection to the phone company was a disaster, having been butchered by previous owners of my house. After I did all the new network and phone wiring inside, I called the phone company (Verizon, believe it or not) and ordered a "repair". They came out, ran a new line from the street, and put in a new NID, which is comparable to ones mentioned elsewhere in this thread. Best of all, it was FREE. The phone company actually is happy to get rid of old, botched connections.